How it works
An argument needs more than an opinion: reasons, evidence, and an answer to the other side. This graphic organizer for an argumentative essay gives each part a box, so a gap shows on the plan and not in the draft.
Read the full guide
A reason is not evidence
A reason says why the claim is true. Evidence shows that the reason is true: a fact, an example, a quotation from a source. If the two boxes in a row say the same thing, the evidence is still missing.
Find the counterclaim before you draft
Fill the counterclaim box early. A writer who knows the strongest point against the claim can pick reasons and evidence that answer it, and the rebuttal is no longer an afterthought.
- Write the claim as a statement someone could disagree with. A plain fact leaves nothing to argue.
- Note the source in the evidence box now. It is harder to find again once the draft is under way.
Questions and answers
What is the difference between a claim and a counterclaim?
The claim is the position the writer argues for. A counterclaim is an opposing claim: what someone who disagrees would say. The Common Core standards for grades 9 and 10 ask writers to develop both fairly, with evidence for each.
What is a rebuttal in an argumentative essay?
On these sheets, the writer's answer to a counterclaim. It does not have to deny the whole point: a writer can grant part of it, then show with evidence or reasoning why the claim still holds.
What grade do students write argumentative essays?
In the Common Core standards, students write opinion pieces through grade 5. From grade 6 they write arguments that support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. Grade 7 adds opposing claims, and the grade 8 standard names counterclaims.