How it works
Camouflage, hierarchy and cappuccino are hard for one reason: English borrowed the word with most of its spelling. These 9th grade spelling words come in 12 lists of 10, nine by source language (French, Greek, Italian) and three by pattern.
Read the full guide
How these ninth grade spelling words are sorted
Lists 1 to 5 are French: age said ahzh (camouflage), eur and eau (entrepreneur, plateau), silent endings (ballet, debris, corps), que and ette, and vowel strings such as the iai in liaison. List 6 is the silent c of acquiesce. Lists 7 to 9 are Greek: ch (hierarchy), ph (metamorphosis) and y (hypocrite). List 10 doubles a letter after a Latin prefix, List 11 is eous and uous, and List 12 is Italian.
Why a borrowed word keeps its odd spelling
Connoisseur arrived from French in the early 1700s. French has since respelled it connaisseur, and English still writes the old form. List 10's doubles have a cause: Latin in turned into il in front of literate, which gives illiterate its two l's.
- Restaurateur has no n, although restaurant does. It is the older form, borrowed whole from French.
- Graffiti, paparazzi and confetti end in i because they are Italian plurals. One is a graffito, a paparazzo, a confetto.
- Outside the United States, maneuver is spelled manoeuvre and synchronize is often synchronise. Swap them under Edit this list.
Questions and answers
What happens with words that sound like another word?
Two words here have a twin: corps and core, phosphorus and phosphorous (the adjective). A sentence follows every word, so type the twin and the results say so. Fluorescent and florescent (flowering) only come close, so that slip is a plain miss.
Do accents count in words such as debut and debris?
No. Every word is listed without an accent, and an answer typed with one, such as début, still counts. The results only point it out. No word on this page has a capital, so Capitals count changes nothing here.
Why are so many of these words French?
Fifty of the 120 sit in the five French lists, and English kept their French spelling: the silent t of ballet, the eau of plateau. Thirty are Greek and ten Italian. The grade is only our suggestion, so a strong 8th grader can start here.