Geography Flashcards
Press Show answer to turn a card: a state or country on the front, its capital on the back.
All 355 cards
US states to capitals 50
Alabama Montgomery, AL. Alabama's 3rd largest city in the 2020 census. Alaska Juneau, AK. Alaska's 3rd largest city in the 2020 census. Arizona Phoenix, AZ. Also the largest city in Arizona. Arkansas Little Rock, AR. Also the largest city in Arkansas. California Sacramento, CA. California's 6th largest city in the 2020 census. Colorado Denver, CO. Also the largest city in Colorado. Connecticut Hartford, CT. Connecticut's 4th largest city in the 2020 census. Delaware Dover, DE. Delaware's 2nd largest city in the 2020 census. Florida Tallahassee, FL. Florida's 8th largest city in the 2020 census. Georgia (US state) Atlanta, GA. Also the largest city in Georgia. Hawaii Honolulu, HI. Also the largest city in Hawaii. Idaho Boise, ID. Also the largest city in Idaho. Illinois Springfield, IL. Illinois's 7th largest city in the 2020 census. Indiana Indianapolis, IN. Also the largest city in Indiana. Iowa Des Moines, IA. Also the largest city in Iowa. Kansas Topeka, KS. Kansas's 5th largest city in the 2020 census. Kentucky Frankfort, KY. Kentucky's 15th largest city in the 2020 census. Louisiana Baton Rouge, LA. Louisiana's 2nd largest city in the 2020 census. Maine Augusta, ME. Maine's 12th largest city in the 2020 census.
Show all 355 cards (336 more)
US states to capitals
US capitals to states
Africa: 54 capitals
Asia: 48 capitals
Europe: 44 capitals
North America: 23 capitals
South America: 12 capitals
Oceania: 14 capitals
Continents and oceans
Landforms
Water words
Map tools
Globe lines
US states to capitals, continued
Maryland Annapolis, MD. Maryland's 7th largest city in the 2020 census. Massachusetts Boston, MA. Also the largest city in Massachusetts. Michigan Lansing, MI. Michigan's 5th largest city in the 2020 census. Minnesota Saint Paul, MN. Minnesota's 2nd largest city in the 2020 census. Mississippi Jackson, MS. Also the largest city in Mississippi. Missouri Jefferson City, MO. Missouri's 15th largest city in the 2020 census. Montana Helena, MT. Montana's 6th largest city in the 2020 census. Nebraska Lincoln, NE. Nebraska's 2nd largest city in the 2020 census. Nevada Carson City, NV. Nevada's 6th largest city in the 2020 census. New Hampshire Concord, NH. New Hampshire's 3rd largest city in the 2020 census. New Jersey Trenton, NJ. New Jersey's 10th largest city in the 2020 census. New Mexico Santa Fe, NM. New Mexico's 4th largest city in the 2020 census. New York Albany, NY. New York's 6th largest city in the 2020 census. North Carolina Raleigh, NC. North Carolina's 2nd largest city in the 2020 census. North Dakota Bismarck, ND. North Dakota's 2nd largest city in the 2020 census. Ohio Columbus, OH. Also the largest city in Ohio. Oklahoma Oklahoma City, OK. Also the largest city in Oklahoma. Oregon Salem, OR. Oregon's 3rd largest city in the 2020 census. Pennsylvania Harrisburg, PA. Pennsylvania's 9th largest city in the 2020 census. Rhode Island Providence, RI. Also the largest city in Rhode Island. South Carolina Columbia, SC. South Carolina's 2nd largest city in the 2020 census. South Dakota Pierre, SD. South Dakota's 9th largest city in the 2020 census. Tennessee Nashville, TN. Also the largest city in Tennessee. Texas Austin, TX. Texas's 4th largest city in the 2020 census. Utah Salt Lake City, UT. Also the largest city in Utah. Vermont Montpelier, VT. Vermont's 6th largest city in the 2020 census. Virginia Richmond, VA. Virginia's 4th largest city in the 2020 census. Washington Olympia, WA. Washington's 23rd largest city in the 2020 census. West Virginia Charleston, WV. Also the largest city in West Virginia. Wisconsin Madison, WI. Wisconsin's 2nd largest city in the 2020 census. Wyoming Cheyenne, WY. Also the largest city in Wyoming.
US capitals to states 50
Albany: which state? Albany is the capital of New York. The postal code is NY. Annapolis: which state? Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. The postal code is MD. Atlanta: which state? Atlanta is the capital of Georgia. The postal code is GA. Augusta: which state? Augusta is the capital of Maine. The postal code is ME. Austin: which state? Austin is the capital of Texas. The postal code is TX. Baton Rouge: which state? Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana. The postal code is LA. Bismarck: which state? Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota. The postal code is ND. Boise: which state? Boise is the capital of Idaho. The postal code is ID. Boston: which state? Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. The postal code is MA. Carson City: which state? Carson City is the capital of Nevada. The postal code is NV. Charleston: which state? Charleston is the capital of West Virginia. The postal code is WV. Cheyenne: which state? Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming. The postal code is WY. Columbia: which state? Columbia is the capital of South Carolina. The postal code is SC. Columbus: which state? Columbus is the capital of Ohio. The postal code is OH. Concord: which state? Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. The postal code is NH. Denver: which state? Denver is the capital of Colorado. The postal code is CO. Des Moines: which state? Des Moines is the capital of Iowa. The postal code is IA. Dover: which state? Dover is the capital of Delaware. The postal code is DE. Frankfort: which state? Frankfort is the capital of Kentucky. The postal code is KY. Harrisburg: which state? Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. The postal code is PA. Hartford: which state? Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. The postal code is CT. Helena: which state? Helena is the capital of Montana. The postal code is MT. Honolulu: which state? Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. The postal code is HI. Indianapolis: which state? Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana. The postal code is IN. Jackson: which state? Jackson is the capital of Mississippi. The postal code is MS. Jefferson City: which state? Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri. The postal code is MO. Juneau: which state? Juneau is the capital of Alaska. The postal code is AK. Lansing: which state? Lansing is the capital of Michigan. The postal code is MI. Lincoln: which state? Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska. The postal code is NE. Little Rock: which state? Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas. The postal code is AR. Madison: which state? Madison is the capital of Wisconsin. The postal code is WI. Montgomery: which state? Montgomery is the capital of Alabama. The postal code is AL. Montpelier: which state? Montpelier is the capital of Vermont. The postal code is VT. Nashville: which state? Nashville is the capital of Tennessee. The postal code is TN. Oklahoma City: which state? Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma. The postal code is OK. Olympia: which state? Olympia is the capital of Washington. The postal code is WA. Phoenix: which state? Phoenix is the capital of Arizona. The postal code is AZ. Pierre: which state? Pierre is the capital of South Dakota. The postal code is SD. Providence: which state? Providence is the capital of Rhode Island. The postal code is RI. Raleigh: which state? Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina. The postal code is NC. Richmond: which state? Richmond is the capital of Virginia. The postal code is VA. Sacramento: which state? Sacramento is the capital of California. The postal code is CA. Saint Paul: which state? Minnesota's capital is Saint Paul. The postal code is MN. Salem: which state? Salem is the capital of Oregon. The postal code is OR. Salt Lake City: which state? Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. The postal code is UT. Santa Fe: which state? Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico. The postal code is NM. Springfield: which state? Springfield is the capital of Illinois. The postal code is IL. Tallahassee: which state? Tallahassee is the capital of Florida. The postal code is FL. Topeka: which state? Topeka is the capital of Kansas. The postal code is KS. Trenton: which state? Trenton is the capital of New Jersey. The postal code is NJ.
Africa: 54 capitals 54
Algeria Algiers is the capital of Algeria, in North Africa. Angola Luanda is the capital of Angola, in Central Africa. Benin Porto-Novo is Benin's official capital. Most of the government works from Cotonou, on the coast. Botswana Gaborone is the capital of Botswana, in southern Africa. Burkina Faso Ouagadougou is the capital of Burkina Faso, in West Africa. Burundi Gitega is Burundi's official capital. Bujumbura, the capital until 2018, still hosts many offices. Cabo Verde Praia is the capital of Cabo Verde, in West Africa. Cameroon Yaoundé is the capital of Cameroon, in Central Africa. The port of Douala is the largest city. Central African Republic Bangui is the capital of Central African Republic, in Central Africa. Chad N'Djamena is the capital of Chad, in Central Africa. Comoros Moroni is the capital of Comoros, in East Africa. Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Yamoussoukro is the official capital of Côte d'Ivoire. The government works mostly from Abidjan. Democratic Republic of Congo Kinshasa is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Central Africa. Djibouti The capital of Djibouti is also called Djibouti, or Djibouti City. It is in East Africa. Egypt Cairo is the capital of Egypt, in North Africa. Equatorial Guinea Ciudad de la Paz became the capital of Equatorial Guinea in January 2026. Before that it was Malabo. Eritrea Asmara is the capital of Eritrea, in East Africa. Eswatini Mbabane is Eswatini's administrative capital. Lobamba is the royal and lawmaking capital. Ethiopia Addis Ababa is the capital of Ethiopia, in East Africa. Gabon Libreville is the capital of Gabon, in Central Africa. The Gambia Banjul is the capital of The Gambia, in West Africa. Ghana Accra is the capital of Ghana, in West Africa. Guinea Conakry is the capital of Guinea, in West Africa. Guinea-Bissau Bissau is the capital of Guinea-Bissau, in West Africa. Kenya Nairobi is the capital of Kenya, in East Africa. Lesotho Maseru is the capital of Lesotho, in southern Africa. Liberia Monrovia is the capital of Liberia, in West Africa. Libya Tripoli is the capital of Libya, in North Africa. Madagascar Antananarivo is the capital of Madagascar, in East Africa. Malawi Lilongwe is the capital of Malawi, in East Africa. Mali Bamako is the capital of Mali, in West Africa. Mauritania Nouakchott is the capital of Mauritania, in West Africa. Mauritius Port Louis is the capital of Mauritius, in East Africa. Morocco Rabat is the capital of Morocco, in North Africa. Casablanca is the largest city. Mozambique Maputo is the capital of Mozambique, in East Africa. Namibia Windhoek is the capital of Namibia, in southern Africa. Niger Niamey is the capital of Niger, in West Africa. Nigeria Abuja is the capital of Nigeria, in West Africa. Lagos is far larger and is not the capital. Republic of the Congo Brazzaville is the Republic of the Congo's capital. It faces Kinshasa across the Congo River. Rwanda Kigali is the capital of Rwanda, in East Africa. São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé is the capital of São Tomé and Príncipe, in Central Africa. Senegal Dakar is the capital of Senegal, in West Africa. Seychelles Victoria is the capital of Seychelles, in East Africa. Sierra Leone Freetown is the capital of Sierra Leone, in West Africa. Somalia Mogadishu is the capital of Somalia, in East Africa. South Africa South Africa has 3 capitals: Pretoria (government), Cape Town (parliament), Bloemfontein (courts). South Sudan Juba is the capital of South Sudan, in East Africa. Sudan Khartoum is the capital of Sudan, in North Africa. Tanzania Dodoma is the capital of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam, once the capital, is the largest city. Togo Lomé is the capital of Togo, in West Africa. Tunisia Tunis is the capital of Tunisia, in North Africa. Uganda Kampala is the capital of Uganda, in East Africa. Zambia Lusaka is the capital of Zambia, in East Africa. Zimbabwe Harare is the capital of Zimbabwe, in East Africa.
Asia: 48 capitals 48
Afghanistan Kabul is the capital of Afghanistan, in South Asia. Armenia Yerevan is the capital of Armenia, in Western Asia. Azerbaijan Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan, in Western Asia. Bahrain Manama is the capital of Bahrain, in Western Asia. Bangladesh Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh, in South Asia. Bhutan Thimphu is the capital of Bhutan, in South Asia. Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan is the capital of Brunei, in Southeast Asia. Cambodia Phnom Penh is the capital of Cambodia, in Southeast Asia. China Beijing is the capital of China, in East Asia. Shanghai is the largest city. Cyprus Nicosia is the capital of Cyprus, in Western Asia. Georgia (country) Tbilisi is the capital of Georgia (country), in Western Asia. India New Delhi is the capital of India, in South Asia. It is one part of the much larger city of Delhi. Indonesia Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia. A new capital, Nusantara, is being built on Borneo. Iran Tehran is the capital of Iran, in South Asia. Iraq Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, in Western Asia. Israel Israel names Jerusalem as its capital. Most countries keep their embassies in or near Tel Aviv. Japan Tokyo is the capital of Japan, in East Asia. Jordan Amman is the capital of Jordan, in Western Asia. Kazakhstan Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, was called Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty is larger. Kuwait Kuwait City is the capital of Kuwait, in Western Asia. Kyrgyzstan Bishkek is the capital of Kyrgyzstan, in Central Asia. Laos Vientiane is the capital of Laos, in Southeast Asia. Lebanon Beirut is the capital of Lebanon, in Western Asia. Malaysia Kuala Lumpur is Malaysia's official capital. The government offices and top courts are in Putrajaya. Maldives Malé is the capital of Maldives, in South Asia. Mongolia Ulaanbaatar is the capital of Mongolia, in East Asia. Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw replaced Yangon in November 2005 and was named in 2006. Yangon is the largest city. Nepal Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal, in South Asia. North Korea Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea, in East Asia. Oman Muscat is the capital of Oman, in Western Asia. Pakistan Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan, in South Asia. Karachi is the largest city. Palestine Ramallah is the seat of the Palestinian government. Palestine names East Jerusalem as its capital. Philippines Manila is the capital of the Philippines. Quezon City, next door, has more people. Qatar Doha is the capital of Qatar, in Western Asia. Saudi Arabia Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia, in Western Asia. Singapore Singapore is a city-state in Southeast Asia: the city and the country are the same place. South Korea Seoul is the capital of South Korea, in East Asia. Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is the official capital. Colombo, next door, is the largest city. Syria Damascus is the capital of Syria, in Western Asia. Tajikistan Dushanbe is the capital of Tajikistan, in Central Asia. Thailand Bangkok is the capital of Thailand, in Southeast Asia. Timor-Leste (East Timor) Dili is the capital of Timor-Leste (East Timor), in Southeast Asia. Turkey (Türkiye) Ankara is the capital of Turkey, in Western Asia. Istanbul is the largest city. Turkmenistan Ashgabat is the capital of Turkmenistan, in Central Asia. United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates. Dubai is the largest city. Uzbekistan Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan, in Central Asia. Vietnam Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam, in Southeast Asia. Ho Chi Minh City is the largest city. Yemen Sanaa is Yemen's capital by law. The recognized government works from Aden for now.
Europe: 44 capitals 44
Albania Tirana is the capital of Albania, in Southern Europe. Andorra Andorra la Vella is the capital of Andorra, in Southern Europe. Austria Vienna is the capital of Austria, in Western Europe. Belarus Minsk is the capital of Belarus, in Eastern Europe. Belgium Brussels is the capital of Belgium, in Western Europe. Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo is the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Southern Europe. Bulgaria Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria, in Eastern Europe. Croatia Zagreb is the capital of Croatia, in Southern Europe. Czechia (Czech Republic) Prague is the capital of Czechia (Czech Republic), in Eastern Europe. Denmark Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark, in Northern Europe. Estonia Tallinn is the capital of Estonia, in Northern Europe. Finland Helsinki is the capital of Finland, in Northern Europe. France Paris is the capital of France, in Western Europe. Germany Berlin is the capital of Germany, in Western Europe. Greece Athens is the capital of Greece, in Southern Europe. Hungary Budapest is the capital of Hungary, in Eastern Europe. Iceland Reykjavík is the capital of Iceland, in Northern Europe. Ireland Dublin is the capital of Ireland, in Northern Europe. Italy Rome is the capital of Italy, in Southern Europe. Latvia Riga is the capital of Latvia, in Northern Europe. Liechtenstein Vaduz is the capital of Liechtenstein, in Western Europe. The town of Schaan has a few more people. Lithuania Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, in Northern Europe. Luxembourg The capital of Luxembourg is also called Luxembourg, or Luxembourg City. It is in Western Europe. Malta Valletta is the capital of Malta, in Southern Europe. Moldova Chișinău is the capital of Moldova, in Eastern Europe. Monaco Monaco is a city-state on the Mediterranean coast: the city and the country are the same place. Montenegro Podgorica is the capital of Montenegro, in Southern Europe. Netherlands Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands. The government and parliament sit in The Hague. North Macedonia Skopje is the capital of North Macedonia, in Southern Europe. Norway Oslo is the capital of Norway, in Northern Europe. Poland Warsaw is the capital of Poland, in Eastern Europe. Portugal Lisbon is the capital of Portugal, in Southern Europe. Romania Bucharest is the capital of Romania, in Eastern Europe. Russia Moscow is the capital of Russia. The UN lists Russia under Europe; most of its land is in Asia. San Marino The capital of San Marino is the City of San Marino. The country is surrounded by Italy. Serbia Belgrade is the capital of Serbia, in Southern Europe. Slovakia Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia, in Eastern Europe. Slovenia Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia, in Southern Europe. Spain Madrid is the capital of Spain, in Southern Europe. Sweden Stockholm is the capital of Sweden, in Northern Europe. Switzerland Bern is the seat of the Swiss government. Swiss law names no capital. Zürich is the largest city. Ukraine Kyiv is the capital of Ukraine, in Eastern Europe. United Kingdom London is the capital of United Kingdom, in Northern Europe. Vatican City (Holy See) Vatican City is a city-state inside Rome, Italy. It is the smallest country in the world.
North America: 23 capitals 23
Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's is the capital of Antigua and Barbuda, in the Caribbean. The Bahamas Nassau is the capital of The Bahamas, in the Caribbean. Barbados Bridgetown is the capital of Barbados, in the Caribbean. Belize Belmopan is the capital of Belize, in Central America. Belize City is the largest city. Canada Ottawa is the capital of Canada, in North America. Toronto is the largest city. Costa Rica San José is the capital of Costa Rica, in Central America. Cuba Havana is the capital of Cuba, in the Caribbean. Dominica Roseau is the capital of Dominica, in the Caribbean. Dominican Republic Santo Domingo is the capital of Dominican Republic, in the Caribbean. El Salvador San Salvador is the capital of El Salvador, in Central America. Grenada Saint George's is the capital of Grenada, in the Caribbean. Guatemala Guatemala City is the capital of Guatemala, in Central America. Haiti Port-au-Prince is the capital of Haiti, in the Caribbean. Honduras Tegucigalpa is the capital of Honduras. The constitution names it with its twin city, Comayagüela. Jamaica Kingston is the capital of Jamaica, in the Caribbean. Mexico Mexico City is the capital of Mexico, in North America, and the largest city in the country. Nicaragua Managua is the capital of Nicaragua, in Central America. Panama Panama City is the capital of Panama, in Central America. Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre is the capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis, in the Caribbean. Saint Lucia Castries is the capital of Saint Lucia, in the Caribbean. St. Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown is the capital of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain is the capital of Trinidad and Tobago, in the Caribbean. United States Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States. New York City is the largest city.
South America: 12 capitals 12
Argentina Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina, in South America. Bolivia Bolivia has 2 capitals: Sucre is the capital in the constitution, and the government sits in La Paz. Brazil Brasília is the capital of Brazil, in South America. São Paulo is the largest city. Chile Santiago is the capital of Chile, in South America. Colombia Bogotá is the capital of Colombia, in South America. Ecuador Quito is the capital of Ecuador, in South America. The port of Guayaquil is the largest city. Guyana Georgetown is the capital of Guyana, in South America. Paraguay Asunción is the capital of Paraguay, in South America. Peru Lima is the capital of Peru, in South America. Suriname Paramaribo is the capital of Suriname, in South America. Uruguay Montevideo is the capital of Uruguay, in South America. Venezuela Caracas is the capital of Venezuela, in South America.
Oceania: 14 capitals 14
Australia Canberra is the capital of Australia, in Oceania. Sydney is the largest city. Fiji Suva is the capital of Fiji, in Melanesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Kiribati South Tarawa is the capital of Kiribati, in Micronesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Marshall Islands Majuro is the capital of Marshall Islands, in Micronesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Micronesia (Federated States) Palikir is the capital of Micronesia (Federated States), in Micronesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Nauru (Naoero) The country has no official capital. Parliament meets in the Yaren district. New Zealand Wellington is the capital of New Zealand, in Oceania. Auckland is the largest city. Palau Ngerulmud has been Palau's capital since 2006. Koror, the old capital, is the largest town. Papua New Guinea Port Moresby is the capital of Papua New Guinea, in Melanesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Samoa Apia is the capital of Samoa, in Polynesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Solomon Islands Honiara is the capital of Solomon Islands, in Melanesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Tonga Nuku'alofa is the capital of Tonga, in Polynesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Tuvalu Funafuti is the capital of Tuvalu, in Polynesia, in the Pacific Ocean. Vanuatu Port Vila is the capital of Vanuatu, in Melanesia, in the Pacific Ocean.
Continents and oceans 12
Continent at the South Pole Antarctica is the 5th largest continent. Ice covers most of it, and it has no countries. Continent of Canada and Mexico North America is the 3rd largest continent. It runs from the Arctic Ocean south to Panama. Continent of France and Italy Europe is the 6th largest continent. It shares a landmass with Asia, split at the Ural Mountains. Continent with the Amazon South America is the 4th largest continent. It has 12 countries. The Andes run down its west side. Continent with the Sahara Africa is the 2nd largest continent. It has 54 countries, more than any other continent. Largest and deepest ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest. It lies between Asia, Australia and the Americas. Largest continent Asia is the largest of the 7 continents, in land and in people. About 6 in 10 people live there. Ocean around Antarctica The Southern Ocean circles Antarctica, south of 60° south. It is the newest named of the 5 oceans. Ocean around the North Pole The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the 5 oceans, and the coldest. Second largest ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the 2nd largest. It separates the Americas from Europe and Africa. Smallest continent Australia is the smallest continent. Many maps group it with the Pacific islands as Oceania. Third largest ocean The Indian Ocean is the 3rd largest. Africa lies west of it, Asia north and Australia east.
Water words 12
Large arm of sea cut into land A gulf is a large arm of the sea that reaches into the land, such as the Gulf of Alaska. Large stream flowing to a sea A river is a large natural stream of fresh water that flows to a sea, a lake or another river. Largest body of salt water An ocean is one of the 5 great bodies of salt water. Together they cover about 71% of Earth. Narrow water joining 2 seas A strait is a narrow channel between two seas. Gibraltar's joins the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. New land at a river's mouth A delta is land built from mud and sand that a river drops at its mouth, like the Nile Delta. River that joins a bigger one A tributary flows into a larger river, not the sea. The Missouri is a tributary of the Mississippi. Salty, smaller than an ocean A sea is a large body of salt water, often partly enclosed by land, like the Mediterranean Sea. Small inlet along a coast A bay is water partly enclosed by land, usually smaller than a gulf. Chesapeake Bay is one. Water with land all around A lake is water with land all around it. Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake by area. Waterway dug by people A canal is a waterway that people dug. The Panama Canal links the Atlantic and the Pacific. Where a river begins The source, or headwaters, is where a river begins, often high in hills or mountains. Where a river ends The mouth is where a river flows into a sea, a lake or a larger river.
Globe lines 12
Circle near 66.6° north The Arctic Circle is near 66.6° north. North of it the Sun stays up all day at least once a year. Circle near 66.6° south The Antarctic Circle is near 66.6° south. Almost all of Antarctica lies inside it. Half of Earth A hemisphere is half of Earth: north or south of the equator, east or west of the prime meridian. How far east or west Longitude measures how far east or west a place is from the prime meridian, up to 180°. How far north or south Latitude measures how far north or south a place is, from 0° at the equator to 90° at each pole. Line at 0° latitude The equator circles Earth halfway between the poles, at 0° latitude. It divides north from south. Line at 0° longitude The prime meridian is the line of 0° longitude. It runs pole to pole through Greenwich, England. Line where the date changes The International Date Line runs near 180° longitude. Crossing it changes the date. Northernmost point on Earth The North Pole is at 90° north, in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. No land lies under its ice. Southernmost point on Earth The South Pole is at 90° south, on the ice of Antarctica. Tropic north of the equator The Tropic of Cancer, near 23.4° north, is the farthest north the Sun is ever straight overhead. Tropic south of the equator The Tropic of Capricorn, near 23.4° south, is the farthest south the Sun is ever straight overhead.
How this list was compiled: Own deck of 355 cards, written for this page. 50 US state capitals, each asked in both directions: capital and its 2020 census rank among the state's cities from Wikipedia, List of capitals in the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States ); two-letter postal codes from the US Postal Service (https://about.usps.com/who/profile/history/state-abbreviations.htm ). 195 world capitals, one for each of the 193 United Nations member states plus the 2 observer states, the Holy See and Palestine (https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states ); capitals from Wikipedia, List of national capitals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_capitals ), with the largest-city notes from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_whose_capital_is_not_their_largest_city . Continent sets and the region named on each card follow the United Nations M49 standard (https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/ ), which files Russia under Europe, and Turkey, Cyprus, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia under Asia; Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean are printed here with North America. Two changes made in 2026 are on the cards: Equatorial Guinea moved the capital to Ciudad de la Paz from Malabo in January 2026 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea ), and Nauru took the official name Naoero in mid-2026 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru ). The five-ocean count follows NOAA (https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/howmanyoceans.html ). The 48 map words are defined in our own words; each definition and example was checked against the matching Wikipedia article. The CIA World Factbook, the usual source for a list like this, was closed in February 2026, so it was not used. All sources checked 2026-09-19. The Myanmar and Palau cards were read again on 2026-09-20: Naypyidaw replaced Yangon on 6 November 2005 and its name was made public on 27 March 2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naypyidaw ); Ngerulmud replaced Koror in October 2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngerulmud ). Licence: own work
How it works These geography flashcards put a place on the front and its capital on the back: 50 US states, asked both ways, and the 195 countries on the United Nations list, by continent. Sixty more cover continents, oceans and 48 map words.
Read the full guide
Pick one of 15 sets
The page opens on US states to capitals : Alabama wants Montgomery. US capitals to states turns the 50 around and also takes AL. Six continent sets run from 12 capitals in South America to 54 in Africa. Tricky capitals holds 38 countries with two capitals, a capital smaller than another city (Canberra, Ottawa, Abuja) or a recent change. A map word card gives a clue, Land with water on 3 sides, for peninsula.
Print geography flash cards by set
Cards print 12 to a sheet, backs mirrored: print double-sided, flip on the long edge, and Montgomery lands behind Alabama. A map word set takes 1 sheet of Letter or A4 paper, the 50 states 5, all 195 capitals 17. One print run stops at 240 cards.
Only 17 state capitals are their state's largest city. Each states to capitals card gives the capital's 2020 census rank.
Nebraska's postal code was NB until 1969. It became NE to avoid a mix-up with New Brunswick in Canada.
Quiz mode ignores capital letters and accents but reads hyphens, so the cards accept Port au Prince and Porto Novo.
Questions and answers
Which countries have changed their capital recently?
Equatorial Guinea moved from Malabo to Ciudad de la Paz in January 2026, and Nauru now calls itself Naoero. Indonesia's card still says Jakarta, because Nusantara is unfinished. Every capital on these geo flashcards was checked on 19 September 2026 against Wikipedia's list of capitals.
Why is Russia under Europe and Turkey under Asia?
The continent sets follow the United Nations M49 regions. Russia falls under Europe; Turkey, Cyprus, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia fall under Asia. Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean print with North America, 23 countries. Your atlas may draw the lines differently.
Which capital counts when a country has two?
The card shows the official capital and quiz mode accepts the others. Bolivia shows Sucre and takes La Paz; South Africa shows Pretoria and takes Cape Town or Bloemfontein. The line under the answer explains each case.