These 3 digit by 2 digit multiplication worksheets build the two-row method one multiplier at a time, from 518 × 40 and 324 × 12 to 487 × 96. The answer key prints as page 2.
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Why the sheets are sorted by multiplier
2-digit by 1-digit sheets can be sorted by regrouping. These cannot: of the 65,610 problems where neither number ends in zero, only 1,444 have no carry in either row, about 1 in 45. So the multiplier sets the steps. The sheet 3-digit × 20, 30 and up to 90 has one row of working. On Multipliers 11 to 19 the second row is the top number with a 0 after it.
By grade
In Texas, multiplication worksheets 3 digit by 2 digit are grade 5 work. Standard 5.3(B) has fifth graders multiply a three-digit number by a two-digit number with fluency, using the standard algorithm. Common Core's 5.NBT.5 names no size.
Every answer at this size has 4 or 5 digits: even 999 × 99 is only 98,901. Have pupils count the digits in each total.
Multipliers with a repeated digit shows what the placeholder zero does: in 518 × 33 the rows are 1,554 and 15,540.
When a total is wrong, check the two rows first. If both are right, the slip is in the addition, not the multiplying.
Questions and answers
What does 3 by 2 mean on a worksheet?
The numbers count digits. 3 by 2 multiplication worksheets put a 3-digit number on top and a 2-digit multiplier under it, as in 518 × 43. Each problem takes two rows of working, one for each digit of the multiplier, then a total.
How do you work a problem on a 3 digit by 2 digit multiplication worksheet?
Multiply the top number by the ones digit, write a 0, multiply by the tens digit, then add. For 518 × 43: 518 × 3 = 1,554, then 518 × 40 = 20,720, and the rows add to 22,274.
Should the longer number always go on top?
It does not have to: 43 × 518 and 518 × 43 are equal. But 518 on top means two rows, and 43 on top means three: 344, 430 and 21,500. Fewer rows leave fewer places to slip.
All 12 sheet types
Build up by multiplier 5
3-digit × 20, 30 and up to 90518 × 40 = 20,720: a 0 goes in the ones place and 518 × 4 = 2,072 sits to its left. One row of working, and the same row a pupil will need second in 518 × 43.
Any 3-digit × 2-digit518 × 43 = 22,274. The page opens here: 12 stacked problems, each with room for two rows and a total. 518 × 3 = 1,554, then 518 × 40 = 20,720, and the rows add to 22,274.
Both multiplier digits 5 or less243 × 32 = 7,776, from rows of 486 and 7,290. Multipliers use only the digits 2, 3, 4 and 5 (22, 23 and so on up to 55), so carries stay small while the two-row routine settles in.
Both multiplier digits 6 or more487 × 96 = 46,752, from rows of 2,922 and 43,830. Every multiplier is built from 6, 7, 8 and 9, so each row leans on the hardest times tables and a carried digit can be as large as 8.
Multipliers 11 to 19324 × 12 = 3,888. The tens digit of the multiplier is 1, so the second row is the top number with a 0 after it: 648 + 3,240. Only the first row calls on the times tables.
Show all 12 sheet types (7 more)
Special numbers and answer sizes 6
Answers of 10,000 or more764 × 58 = 44,312. Every answer has 5 digits, the usual result at this size, and none passes 999 × 99 = 98,901. On this sheet a 4-digit or 6-digit total is a sure sign that a row has slipped a column.
Answers under 10,000286 × 34 = 9,724. Every answer on this sheet has 4 digits. Only about 1 problem in 6 at this size comes out under 10,000, so the sheet draws on the smaller top numbers and multipliers. A gentler page for the first week.
Middle digit of the top number is 0408 × 36 = 14,688. In the first row 8 × 6 = 48, so write 8 and carry 4; then 0 × 6 is 0, plus the carried 4, is 4. The zero takes its turn in both rows: 2,448 and 12,240.
Multipliers with a repeated digit518 × 33 = 17,094. Both multiplier digits are 3, so the second row is the first row with a 0 after it: 1,554 and 15,540. Pupils multiply once, copy and add, and they see exactly what the placeholder zero does.
Top number ends in one zero350 × 27 = 9,450. Both rows end in 0 (2,450 and 7,000). A pupil can also work out 35 × 27 = 945 and put the 0 back. Trying both routes and landing on 9,450 twice is the point of the sheet.
Whole hundreds × 2-digit600 × 43 = 25,800. Work out 6 × 43 = 258 and write two zeros after it. Printed across, 20 to a page, with no columns. This is the mental step behind every estimate on the page.
Other layouts 1
Either number on topSome problems are printed with the 2-digit number on top, as in 43 × 518. Pupils can turn it around to 518 × 43, or carry on and write three rows: 344, 430 and 21,500. Either way the answer is 22,274, because the order of the factors does not change a product.
How this list was compiled: Sheet types, wording and worked examples are own work. Every worked example (products and both rows of working) and every count of possible problems (65,610 problems with a top number from 101 to 999 and a multiplier from 11 to 99, neither ending in zero; 1,444 of them with no carry in either row; 11,304 with a 4-digit answer and 54,306 with a 5-digit answer) was computed twice by script on 2026-09-18. Grade placement and standard wording checked 2026-09-18 against the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics, 19 TAC chapter 111 subchapter A (https://tea.texas.gov/laws-and-rules/sboe-rules-tac/sboe-tac-currently-effect/ch111a.pdf: 4.4(D), 5.3(A) and 5.3(B), which reads 'multiply with fluency a three-digit number by a two-digit number using the standard algorithm'), the full text of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (national copy, https://learning.ccsso.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ADA-Compliant-Math-Standards.pdf, read again 2026-09-20: 4.NBT.5, 5.NBT.5 and 5.MD.1) and the national curriculum in England, mathematics programmes of study (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum-in-england-mathematics-programmes-of-study/national-curriculum-in-england-mathematics-programmes-of-study: Year 5 'multiply numbers up to 4 digits by a one- or two-digit number using a formal written method, including long multiplication for two-digit numbers'). The two-row method described is long multiplication as set out at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_algorithm, checked the same day. The unit facts on the conversion sheet (12 inches in a foot, 36 inches in a yard, 16 ounces in a pound, 24 hours in a day, 12 months in a year) are definitions and do not change. Licence: own work