3 Digit by 1 Digit Multiplication Worksheets

How it works

Free 3 digit by 1 digit multiplication worksheets are sorted by what makes a problem hard: how many carries, where a zero sits and how big the multiplier is. The answer key prints on its own page.

Read the full guide

Why the sheets are sorted by carries

A 3-digit × 1-digit problem is three times tables facts and up to two carries. The first group under Sheet type adds carries one at a time. It starts with none (213 × 3), then one out of the ones (216 × 4), one out of the tens (152 × 3), then two (426 × 7).

Zeros, and the carry nobody sees

In 406 × 7 the carried 4 is the whole tens digit. In 302 × 4 nothing is carried, so a 0 has to be written in: 1,208, not 128. In 134 × 3 the tens are only 9, but the carried 1 makes 10 and sends a second carry on.

Estimate before a test: 687 × 4 is about 2,800, so 2,428, the answer with both carries dropped, looks wrong at once.
When a page goes slowly, check the facts first: print the Warm-up on the 6, 7, 8 and 9 times tables.

Questions and answers

Which grade is a 3 by 1 multiplication worksheet for?

Fourth grade in the United States. Common Core 4.NBT.5 covers up to four digits by one digit, and Texas 4.4(D) sets the same limit and names the standard algorithm. England's curriculum places 3-digit × 1-digit in Year 4 and calls the written method short multiplication.

How is this different from 2-digit by 1-digit?

One more column and one more chance to carry. A 2-digit × 1-digit problem carries once at most. A 3-digit number can carry out of the ones and again out of the tens, and the second carry can depend on the first.

What comes after 3-digit by 1-digit?

In the Common Core, 4-digit × 1-digit and 2-digit × 2-digit, both still in grade 4. The first is the same routine with a third carry. The second is the real step up, because it needs two rows of working and an addition.

All 13 sheet types

Carrying, one step at a time 4

No carrying, 3-digit × 1-digit 213 × 3 = 639. Every digit product is under 10 (9, 3 and 6), so nothing is carried and the pupil only has to work from right to left and keep the columns straight.
One carry, out of the ones 216 × 4 = 864. The ones give 6 × 4 = 24: write 4, carry 2. The tens are 1 × 4 = 4, plus the carried 2, which makes 6. The hundreds need no carry.
One carry, out of the tens 152 × 3 = 456. The ones are 6 with nothing to carry. The tens give 5 × 3 = 15: write 5, carry 1 into the hundreds, where 1 × 3 + 1 = 4.
Two carries in one problem 426 × 7 = 2,982. The ones give 42: write 2, carry 4. The tens give 14 + 4 = 18: write 8, carry 1. The hundreds give 28 + 1 = 29. The page opens on this sheet.

Show all 13 sheet types (9 more)

Zeros in the top number 4

Top number ends in zero 430 × 6 = 2,580. The ones column is 0 × 6 = 0, and that 0 has to be written. The rest is 43 × 6 = 258.
Whole hundreds × 1-digit 400 × 7 = 2,800. It is the fact 4 × 7 = 28 counted in hundreds. Written across the page, 20 to a sheet, this is the mental step that estimating relies on.
Zero in the tens place, nothing carried 302 × 4 = 1,208. Nothing is carried into the tens, so the answer needs a 0 there. Leaving it out gives 128, which is less than the 302 the problem started with.
Zero in the tens place, with a carry to fill it 406 × 7 = 2,842. The ones give 42: write 2, carry 4. The tens are 0 × 7 = 0, plus the carried 4, so the tens digit of the answer is 4. The carried digit is the whole tens column.

By multiplier 2

Multipliers 2 to 5 243 × 5 = 1,215. With a multiplier of 5 or less no carry is larger than 4, so this is the gentlest sheet that still mixes carrying and not carrying.
Multipliers 6, 7, 8 and 9 487 × 9 = 4,383. The carries are 6 and then 7, the facts are the hard ones (7 × 9, 8 × 9, 4 × 9), and adding 72 + 6 or 36 + 7 in the head is part of the work.

Warm-up 1

Warm-up on the 6, 7, 8 and 9 times tables 40 facts such as 8 × 7 = 56, written across the page. When a 3-digit × 1-digit page goes slowly, the times tables are the first thing to check, and these four tables give the largest products and carries.

Word problems 2

Area of a long rectangle A sidewalk 236 feet long and 4 feet wide covers 236 × 4 = 944 square feet.
Word problems, 3-digit × 1-digit A crate holds 144 apples, so 6 crates hold 144 × 6 = 864 apples. 8 one-step problems with working space, all equal groups of a 3-digit amount.

How this list was compiled: Sheet types, wording and worked examples are own work. Every worked example, including each carry named in a description, was computed twice by script on 2026-09-19. Where this size sits in each curriculum was checked 2026-09-19 against the full texts: Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (national copy, https://learning.ccsso.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ADA-Compliant-Math-Standards.pdf, read again 2026-09-20) for 4.NBT.5, 4.OA.3, 4.MD.2, 4.MD.3 and 3.OA.7; Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics, 19 TAC chapter 111 subchapter A (https://tea.texas.gov/laws-and-rules/sboe-rules-tac/sboe-tac-currently-effect/ch111a.pdf) for 3.4(F), 4.4(D), 4.4(G), 4.4(H), 4.5(D) and 4.8(C); and the national curriculum in England, mathematics programmes of study (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum-in-england-mathematics-programmes-of-study/national-curriculum-in-england-mathematics-programmes-of-study), where Year 4 pupils multiply two-digit and three-digit numbers by a one-digit number using formal written layout and the guidance calls the method short multiplication. Fix pass 2026-09-20: the sheet Expanded form: hundreds, tens and ones was removed because the partial products page owns that sheet, and two sentences that said how often pupils go wrong were reworded; every worked example left was computed again by script that day. Licence: own work

3 Digit by 1 Digit Multiplication Worksheets, One Carry at a Time